Introduction

The Kerala High Court has taken a firm stance against the rampant use of small plastic water bottles at marriage functions, calling for their replacement with glass bottles. This directive is part of a broader initiative to curb plastic waste in the state and ensure effective enforcement of the existing ban on single-use plastics.

In a suo motu case on waste management issues, a Division Bench comprising Justice Bechu Kurian Thomas and Justice P Gopinath expressed concern over the ineffective implementation of the ban on plastic bottles below 500 ml. They highlighted the environmental hazards caused by these bottles and emphasized the need for viable alternatives.

This article delves into the Kerala High Court’s recent observations, the government’s stance, the impact of plastic waste, and the way forward for sustainable waste management in Kerala.

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Kerala High Court’s Stand on Plastic Bottles at Weddings

Suo Motu Case on Waste Management

The Kerala High Court initiated a suo motu case on waste management in the state, focusing on the unchecked use of plastic. The hearing brought to light the poor enforcement of the ban on plastic bottles under 500 ml, which are still commonly found at large gatherings, especially weddings.

Justice Gopinath questioned the Special Secretary of the Local Self-Government Department (LSGD), Anupama TV IAS, on the enforcement of the ban. He observed:

“For small bottles, there is already a ban in place. How do we ensure that it is effectively enforced? We see small bottles at every function now. How do we implement this?”

In response, Anupama informed the Court that gatherings with over 100 attendees require a local government license, and a ban is already in place for plastic water bottles below 500 ml. However, she admitted that a statewide enforcement review revealed over 100 violations.

High Court Recommends Glass Bottles as an Alternative

Justice Bechu Kurian Thomas recommended replacing small plastic bottles with glass alternatives, noting that:

“These small bottles are creating havoc and can easily have an alternative by using glass bottles.”

This suggestion aligns with global sustainability trends, where glass bottles are being promoted as an eco-friendly substitute for plastic due to their recyclability and durability.

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Government Response and Future Measures

Strengthening Enforcement Squads

To tackle violations, the government plans to strengthen enforcement by:

• Increasing district-level enforcement squads to monitor plastic waste violations.
• Introducing an online reporting system for citizens to upload photos of violations, enabling quick action and fines.

Statewide Ban on Plastic in Hilly Stations

The Kerala High Court also reviewed the government’s report on banning plastic in hilly stations to prevent environmental degradation. The Court cited the Madras High Court’s successful implementation of a similar ban in Tamil Nadu, urging the Kerala government to propose a concrete strategy.

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Plastic Waste from Vande Bharat Trains

Apart from weddings, the Court also raised concerns about plastic waste generated by Vande Bharat Express trains in Kerala. It directed the Railways to take responsibility for proper waste disposal and ensure that railway tracks remain free of plastic waste.

Justice Bechu remarked:

“Local authorities should issue notices to the Railways to remove such waste. As a bulk waste generator, they have a duty to the public and the legal system.”

This highlights the urgent need for proper waste management protocols for public transport systems.

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The Environmental Impact of Plastic Bottles

Why Are Small Plastic Bottles Harmful?

Small plastic water bottles contribute significantly to environmental pollution due to:

1. Non-Biodegradability – Plastic takes hundreds of years to decompose, leading to long-term waste accumulation.
2. Microplastic Contamination – Improper disposal results in microplastics contaminating water bodies and food chains.
3. Waste Management Challenges – Small bottles are harder to recycle due to their size, leading to inefficient waste processing.

Glass Bottles: A Sustainable Alternative

Replacing plastic bottles with glass has several environmental benefits:

• 100% Recyclable – Glass can be recycled indefinitely without losing quality.
• Reduces Plastic Pollution – Shifting to glass can significantly cut down single-use plastic waste.
• Health Benefits – Unlike plastic, glass does not leach harmful chemicals into beverages.

However, transitioning to glass bottles comes with challenges, such as higher costs and transportation constraints. The government may need to provide incentives for event organizers to adopt sustainable alternatives.

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Public Sanitation Issues in Kerala

Apart from plastic waste, the Court also addressed the lack of public sanitation facilities in Kerala. It referred to Australia’s roadside urinals made of stainless steel with minimal water usage and suggested setting up similar facilities across Kerala.

The Bench emphasized that proper sanitation facilities are crucial for both men and women, ensuring hygiene and efficient waste disposal.

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The Road Ahead: Policy Implementation and Public Awareness

Policy Measures Needed

To ensure effective enforcement of the plastic bottle ban, the Kerala government must:

1. Implement Strict Fines – Hefty penalties for violating the ban will deter businesses and individuals from using plastic bottles.
2. Promote Sustainable Alternatives – Encourage the use of glass bottles, biodegradable cups, or refillable dispensers at events.
3. Strengthen Monitoring Mechanisms – Increase surveillance at marriage halls, tourist spots, and railway stations.
4. Expand Public Awareness Campaigns – Educate people on the environmental impact of plastic waste through media and community initiatives.

Role of Citizens in Reducing Plastic Waste

Public participation is crucial for achieving a plastic-free Kerala. Citizens can contribute by:

• Opting for glass, steel, or clay containers instead of plastic.
• Reporting violations via the proposed online complaint system.
• Supporting zero-waste events that use reusable cutlery and water dispensers.

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Conclusion

The Kerala High Court’s directive to replace plastic bottles with glass at weddings marks a progressive step toward environmental sustainability. While the state government has taken some measures to enforce plastic bans, stricter monitoring and public cooperation are essential for long-term success.

Additionally, addressing plastic waste from trains and improving public sanitation will further Kerala’s commitment to sustainable waste management. If effectively implemented, these initiatives could serve as a model for other states to follow, paving the way for a greener, cleaner future.

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